In the 1990s an international outbreak of salmonellosis was associated with peanut butter coated snacks followed by an outbreak in Australia implicating nine different brands of peanut butter. Peanut butter is pasteurized at temperatures of 70-75 C before packaging, but several researcherssuggested that Salmonella would exhibit increased heat resistance in this food since it possessed low aw and high fat content. set out to determine if the parameters for pasteurizing contaminated peanut butter were adequate. They concluded that serovars Agona, Enteritidis, and Typhimurium, recovered from contaminated peanut butter, were highly resistant to heat, thus the pasteurization process did not consistently inactivate all Salmonella when peanut butter was highly contaminated, and longer exposure times or higher temperatures did not improve the process.