1. Design: Design is the process of specifying conditions for learning. This domain represents the largest theoretical contribution of instructional technology to the larger field of education. The purpose of design is to create large scale strategies and products, such as programs and curricula, as well as small scale ones, such as lessons and modules. For example, the application of instructional and learning theories to design a course or the school curriculum, the analysis of learner characteristics and learning context (physical environment, needs, task), the planning of instructional strategies, and the human-computer interaction/interface design for a system which is designed to facilitate learning all fit into this category.
2. Development: Development is the process of translating the design specification into physical form. The development domain encompasses the wide variety of technologies employed in instruction. It is not, however, isolated from the theory and practice related to learning and design. Nor does it function independently of evaluation, management or utilization. Basically, the development domain can be described by: the message which is content driven; the instructional strategy which is theory driven; and physical manifestation of the technology—the hardware, software and instructional materials. Therefore, print technologies, audiovisual technologies, computer-based technologies, and integrated technologies (such as interactive multimedia), can be developed for instructional purposes when the process is theory and design driven, whereas they might not be instructional technology when they have to meet other objectives or are not theoretically grounded.
3. Utilisation: Utilization is the act of using processes and resources for learning. Those engaged in utilization are responsible for matching learners with specific materials and activities, preparing learners for interacting with the selected materials and activities, providing guidance during engagement, providing for assessment of the results, and incorporating this usage into the continuing procedures of the organization.
4. Management: Management involves controlling instructional technology through planning, organizing, coordinating and supervising. Individuals in the field are regularly called upon to provide management in a variety of settings. An instructional technologist might be involved with efforts such as the management of an instructional development project or the management of a school media centre. The actual goals for the management activity may vary greatly from setting to setting, but the underlying management skills remain relatively constant regardless of setting.
5. Evaluation: Evaluation is the process of determining the adequacy of instruction and learning. It is a formal determination of the quality, effectiveness or value of a program, product, project, process, objective, or curriculum. For example, an instructional technologist might work as a consultant, identifying the gap between the objectives and the actual learning outcome for a program or a product and proposing recommendations for change