In terms of data handling, the content analysis was one method of handling
the data for the three sub-studies (as aforementioned in Chapter 1, Section
1.2.5). As Weber (1990) stated, content analysis refers to a method of
transforming the symbolic content of a document, such as words or images,
from a qualitative, unsystematic form into a quantitative, systematic form.
Therefore, both textual and pictorial information in the national-level
curricula and the textbooks was analysed according to identified categories
and subcategories. Similar to the interview expressions of primary school
teachers, the expressions were condensed and categorised.