does not depend on the distance traveled (McKinnon, 2006).
McKinnon states that the future road user charging system in the
United Kingdom should minimize the fixed component (the VED)
so that it only covers the administrative licensing costs, and it
should have a variable component that is proportional to distance
traveled, increases with the total weight and decreases with the
number of axles (McKinnon, 2006). Accurate marginal cost pricing
should ultimately be used as it gains enough acceptability and
becomes technologically feasible.