4. Methodology
Four schools were selected at random from a population of secondary schools in Johor Bahru. 200 form four
students in the science stream were chosen as samples. The study was conducted on form four students because these students have passed Lower Secondary Assessment examination and have achieved the required level of
thinking skills. This study used an instrument in the form of a questionnaire consisting of an open test level
conceptual knowledge and procedural knowledge (UTPKPP). There are two parts in this questionnaire; Part A
covers the questions related to the level of conceptual knowledge of students. Here is a sample of the questions. On the other hand, Part B includes questions related to students' procedural knowledge. All questions are
based on Chapter four on the topic of seven levels of chemical acids and bases. Here is a sample question from
the set of procedural questions.