According to Hegel, human beings like animals have natural
needs and desires for objects outside themselves such as food,
drink, shelter, and above all the preservation of their own bodies.
Man differs fundamentally from the animals, however, because in
addition he desires the desire of other men , that is, he wants to be
"recognized." In particular, he wants to be recognized as a human
being, that is, as a being with a certain worth or dignity. This worth
in the first instance is related to his willingness to risk his life in a
struggle over pure prestige. For only man is able to overcome his
most basic animal instincts--chief among them his instinct for
self-preservation-for the sake of higher, abstract principles and
goals. According to Hegel, the desire for recognition initially
drives two primordial combatants to seek to make the other "recognize"
their humanness by staking their lives in a mortal battle.
When the natural fear of death leads one combatant to submit,
the relationship of master and slave is born. The stakes in this
bloody battle at the beginning of history are not food, shelter, or
security, but pure prestige. And precisely because the goal of the
battle is not determined by biology, Hegel sees in it the first glimmer
of human freedom.
According to Hegel, human beings like animals have natural
needs and desires for objects outside themselves such as food,
drink, shelter, and above all the preservation of their own bodies.
Man differs fundamentally from the animals, however, because in
addition he desires the desire of other men , that is, he wants to be
"recognized." In particular, he wants to be recognized as a human
being, that is, as a being with a certain worth or dignity. This worth
in the first instance is related to his willingness to risk his life in a
struggle over pure prestige. For only man is able to overcome his
most basic animal instincts--chief among them his instinct for
self-preservation-for the sake of higher, abstract principles and
goals. According to Hegel, the desire for recognition initially
drives two primordial combatants to seek to make the other "recognize"
their humanness by staking their lives in a mortal battle.
When the natural fear of death leads one combatant to submit,
the relationship of master and slave is born. The stakes in this
bloody battle at the beginning of history are not food, shelter, or
security, but pure prestige. And precisely because the goal of the
battle is not determined by biology, Hegel sees in it the first glimmer
of human freedom.
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