Media literacy
The literature on 21st century media skills argues that it is essential for individuals to be able
access, understand, and analyze media and media messages. This skill set includes the ability to
understand media bias and the ways in which media influences beliefs and behaviors. A media
literate individual will be able to understand ethical issues surrounding the production of
and use of various media forms and critique the inclusion or exclusion of opinions or factual
information in media reports. 21st century media skills also refer to the ability of individuals to
effectively create and deliver media products. Learners need skills in critically evaluating and
creatively producing representations in a variety of media.
Information literacy
Information literacy forms the basis for lifelong learning. It is common to all disciplines, to all
learning environments, and to all levels of education. It enables learners to master content and
extend their investigations, become more self-directed, and assume greater control over their
own learning.4
In order to thrive in a digital economy, students will need digital age proficiencies. It is
important for the educational system to make parallel changes in order to fulfill its mission in
society, namely the preparation of students for the world beyond the classroom.5
Information literacy is “the ability to recognize when information is needed and have the
ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information” (LearnHigher, 2006).
Information literacy skills include: accessing information efficiently, evaluating information