ACCOUNTING DIVERSITY ACROSS THE SIX COUNTRIES
The accounting systems in all six countries have developed relatively recently. The six
accounting systems differ on some dimensions but are similar on others. Two dimensions
that we examine are (1) the model on which the accounting systems are based and (2) the
type of standard setting body. Table 1 shows these characteristics for the six countries. IAS
was the primary basis for accounting standards in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand
(although Thailand has also been influenced by US GAAP). US GAAP, on the other hand,
was the primary basis in the Philippines and Taiwan (although Philippine GAAP is
secondarily based on tax law). Korean accounting standards are unique in that they are
based on Korean tax law that, like tax law in all countries, emphasizes cash realization.
Different accounting models may lead to differences in the value relevance of the resulting
accounting numbers. We have no prior expectations concerning the relative value
relevance of IAS versus US GAAP. It is likely, however, that tax law is more susceptible
to political influence than other accounting bases. To the extent that such political
influence might serve to make accounting less informative, Korean accounting may be
less value relevant because it is based on tax law.
The standard setting bodies in four of the six countries are independent of the
government. In Korea and Taiwan, however, standard setting is not independent. Where
ACCOUNTING DIVERSITY ACROSS THE SIX COUNTRIES
The accounting systems in all six countries have developed relatively recently. The six
accounting systems differ on some dimensions but are similar on others. Two dimensions
that we examine are (1) the model on which the accounting systems are based and (2) the
type of standard setting body. Table 1 shows these characteristics for the six countries. IAS
was the primary basis for accounting standards in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand
(although Thailand has also been influenced by US GAAP). US GAAP, on the other hand,
was the primary basis in the Philippines and Taiwan (although Philippine GAAP is
secondarily based on tax law). Korean accounting standards are unique in that they are
based on Korean tax law that, like tax law in all countries, emphasizes cash realization.
Different accounting models may lead to differences in the value relevance of the resulting
accounting numbers. We have no prior expectations concerning the relative value
relevance of IAS versus US GAAP. It is likely, however, that tax law is more susceptible
to political influence than other accounting bases. To the extent that such political
influence might serve to make accounting less informative, Korean accounting may be
less value relevant because it is based on tax law.
The standard setting bodies in four of the six countries are independent of the
government. In Korea and Taiwan, however, standard setting is not independent. Where
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