where P
C
k rt
= p
μ is energy turbulent Prandtl number, and is equal
to 0.85 here. The thermal expansion coefficient β is − ∂
∂
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
1
ρ
ρ
T p
; C
in the Realizable k − ε turbulence model’s viscosity coefficient t is
a function of average strain rate and curl, which can be calculated