As the joint torque data were a second derivative parameter, the instantaneous value can be influenced to a large extent by noise in the raw coordinate data (5). For minimizing
potential interpretative errors, the joint torque was integrated using the trapezoidal rule for 50 ms. The integrated region shifted by a frame (5 ms) throughout the analyzed portion to find the region having the largest angular impulse. The peak magnitude of torque and time of its occurrence were computed as the average value and median time of the region (50 ms), respectively.