Bates, 1989 proposed the berry-picking model of information seeking, which has two main points. The first is that, in the process of reading and learning from the information encountered throughout the search process, the searchers' information needs, and consequently their queries, continually shift (see Figure 3.3). Information encountered at one point in a search may lead in a new, unanticipated direction. The original goal may become partly fulfilled, thus lowering the priority of one goal in favor of another. The second point is that searchers' information needs are not satisfied by a single, final retrieved set of documents, but rather by a series of selections and bits of information found along the way. This is in contrast to the assumption that the main goal of the search process is to hone down the set of retrieved documents into a perfect match of the original information need.
The berry-picking model is supported by a number of observational studies (Ellis, 1989, Borgman, 1996b), including that of O'Day and Jeffries, 1993, who interviewed 15 business analysts about their typical search tasks. They found that the information seeking process consisted of a series of interconnected but diverse searches. They also found that search results for a goal tended to trigger new goals, and hence search in new directions, but that the context of the problem and the previous searches was carried from one stage of search to the next. Finally, the main value of the search was found to reside in the accumulated learning and acquisition of information that occurred during the search process, rather than in the final results set
Bates, 1989 proposed the berry-picking model of information seeking, which has two main points. The first is that, in the process of reading and learning from the information encountered throughout the search process, the searchers' information needs, and consequently their queries, continually shift (see Figure 3.3). Information encountered at one point in a search may lead in a new, unanticipated direction. The original goal may become partly fulfilled, thus lowering the priority of one goal in favor of another. The second point is that searchers' information needs are not satisfied by a single, final retrieved set of documents, but rather by a series of selections and bits of information found along the way. This is in contrast to the assumption that the main goal of the search process is to hone down the set of retrieved documents into a perfect match of the original information need.The berry-picking model is supported by a number of observational studies (Ellis, 1989, Borgman, 1996b), including that of O'Day and Jeffries, 1993, who interviewed 15 business analysts about their typical search tasks. They found that the information seeking process consisted of a series of interconnected but diverse searches. They also found that search results for a goal tended to trigger new goals, and hence search in new directions, but that the context of the problem and the previous searches was carried from one stage of search to the next. Finally, the main value of the search was found to reside in the accumulated learning and acquisition of information that occurred during the search process, rather than in the final results set
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