It must be emphasized that nitration fixation is not the only mechanism; other mechanisms that have been proposed in
Azospirillum include production of phytohormones leading to improved root growth, water adsorption, and mineral
uptake (e.g., phosphate solubilization), proton, and organic acid extrusion. It is well reported that uptake of N, P, K, and micronutrients are significantly enhanced in plants inoculated with Azospirillum in both the greenhouse and field.