The International Musa germplasm collection is sited at the INIBAP (International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain) Transit Centre at K.U.Leuven. By now, more than 1000 different accessions of shoot tip cultures have been initiated in vitro, multiplied and maintained at reduced temperature conditions (16±1°C). Shoot cultures are grown on MS medium, supplemented with 30 g sucrose/litre, 2.25 mg 6-benzyladenine/litre and 0.175 mg IAA/litre. Compared with the culture medium on which shoot-tips are maintained, a 10-fold decrease in cytokinin content (0.225 mg benzyladenine/litre) induces regeneration of rooted plants. In contrast, adding 22.5 mg benzyladenine/litre to the culture medium results in suppression of the apical dominance in shoot-tip cultures and a reduction of corm and leaf tissue between meristematic tissue. Highly proliferating meristem cultures are obtained and used as starting material in the scalp methodology. Initiation and maintenance of cell cultures is rather labour intensive and time consuming. However, since 1 ml of settled cells of a highly regenerable cell suspension can yield more than 100 000 plants, cell cultures are most suitable for mass clonal propagation. Moreover, embryogenic cell suspensions are highly preferred as target material for protoplast culture and genetic engineering since the risk of chimerism is circumvented because of the unicellular origin of regenerated plants.
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