5. Conclusions and recommendations
This study reveals the positive perception of the community towards nighttime leisure activities in
urban public park in both of case study area of Shah Alam and Putrajaya from the aspect of comfort,
convenience and safety. They also accepted the provision of nighttime urban public park as the place for
families leisure which help to rejuvenate urban community lifestyle and also act as socializing tools. The
results showed that the nighttime leisure in urban public park has a potential to be explored as a future
community leisure activities offering cooling outdoor leisure environment with unique experiences of
night scenery. Urban public park during nighttime would promote a local nocturnal flora and fauna while
optimizing the use of urban green spaces. Such evidence may contribute to novel knowledge in the field
of environmental behavior studies, urban planning and urban landscape in creating a sustainable urban
public park design for urban communities while promoting vibrant urban public outdoor spaces during
nighttime. The findings may also be used to improve the local authority policies and guidelines regarding
future urban public park design. This study had identified the items related to nighttime leisure activities
in urban public park to ensure the d safety. The urban public park should
provide a buffer zone to overcome the noise from vehicle on nearby roads to improve the comfort of
nighttime users. Moreover, the location of urban public park also should be placed closed to mosque if the population area are among Muslim community. Proper kiosks for food and games vendor should be
provided. And pedestrian facilities should also be provided to encourage the urban community to walk.
Besides the frequency of police of security patrol, the urban public park should be designed for
leisure to enhance the sense of safety during nighttime. Nowadays, urban public park during nighttime are
not only enjoyed by the urban community from the catchment area but also people outside who needed a
nighttime leisure. Therefore, the future urban public park development should consider these variables
and items in this research to ensure that urban public parks are not only used during the day but also
accessible during nighttime to satisfied the social need of urban community leisure. Moreover, with the
increasing of urban population and the challenging of urban lifestyle in the future; the sizes of urban
public park should been enlarged to reduces a negative feelings users while carried out nighttime leisure
due to the effect of crowds. As this study is confined to the urban public parks in Shah Alam and
Putrajaya, it is suggested that future research should involve more samples of urban parks nationwide.
The implication of nighttime activities towards urban community well-being can also be proposed for
future studies to identify the relation of nighttime leisure behaviour towards the quality of urban life.
Moreover, the differences in the intensity of urban public parks and leisure behaviour within the
confinement of the different urban park settings should also be noted. As the analysis of this phenomenon is beyond the scope of this paper, it could be investigated further in future studies.