2.3. Total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity measurement
For TSS and turbidity measurement, in each run a certain amount of soil sample was added and mixed with water in another tank in which an automatic stirrer was installed to mix the soil and water uniformly. The mixture of water and soil were conveyed to the channel via inline flow meter. The water samples of approximately 200 ml were collected at sampling points. The glass microfiber filter paper (GF/C), circles 47 mm Whatman was used to filter the sediment. TSS was measured based on Standard Methods; 2540A, 2540D, and 2540E. TSS values were calculated using Eq. (1).