However the Nurses’ Health study found no association with low car- bohydrate diet scores and total, HDL or LDL cholesterol. They did however report a beneficial effect on triglyceride levels [21]; but we failed to observe this in this study probably because the carbohydrate changes were too small at 12 months and the triglyceride levels were very normal. Higher HDL has been proposed to decrease the risk of incident chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes