The stem
The general structures of the transverse sections of the stems appeared as complete circles
(plate 2 a and b). The stem of C. citratus is larger than C. schoenanthus stem. The epidermis is
the outer most layer it is formed of rectangular cells followed by two cells thick of sclerenchyma
cells in C. schoenanthus only. The ground mass cells are parenchymatous filling the rest of the
sections except in the regions occupied by the vascular bundles. The vascular bundles (typical
monocotyledonous types of vessels) are found scattered within the section they are formed of
two larger metaxylem vessels to the outside and small protoxylem vessel to the inside forming
V-shaped xylen. A narrow phloem region (greenish) found outside the metaxylen vessel. The
numbers of vascular bundles are more in the stem of C. citratus and the amount of sclerenchyma
bundles sheath surrounding them are more. The number of xylem vessels in a vascular bundle is
3-4 xylem vessels. An outer secondary thickening region is clear outside the primary part which
could be a leaf sheath.