Dairy products, especially cheese, can accumulate BA, with
concentrations varying from just traces to more than 1000 mg
Kg−1. Their toxicity had led to the general agreement that they
should not be allowed to accumulate in food.
This article describes the physiological role and toxic effects
of BA, their presence in dairy products, the environmental
conditions that favor their synthesis and accumulation, their production
by microorganisms (including an in-depth description
of the genetic organization and regulation of their biosynthetic
pathways), and finally the methods available for detecting the
presence of BA or BA-producing microorganisms. The factors
affecting BA accumulation are analyzed in order to suggest possible
means of reducing their presence, particularly in cheese.
Knowledge in this area might help us reduce the formation of
these toxic compounds and establish safety limits for their concentration
in foods.
Dairy products, especially cheese, can accumulate BA, withconcentrations varying from just traces to more than 1000 mgKg−1. Their toxicity had led to the general agreement that theyshould not be allowed to accumulate in food.This article describes the physiological role and toxic effectsof BA, their presence in dairy products, the environmentalconditions that favor their synthesis and accumulation, their productionby microorganisms (including an in-depth descriptionof the genetic organization and regulation of their biosyntheticpathways), and finally the methods available for detecting thepresence of BA or BA-producing microorganisms. The factorsaffecting BA accumulation are analyzed in order to suggest possiblemeans of reducing their presence, particularly in cheese.Knowledge in this area might help us reduce the formation ofthese toxic compounds and establish safety limits for their concentrationin foods.
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