Thus, we combined measures of these constructs, namely reactions of empathy, compassion, and recognizing the expresser’s need for one’s help, into a reliable, single scale. In particular, we measured other-concern by combining the following three items: “How much did you think that your counterpart was deserving compassion?”; “How much empathy did you feel for your counterpart?”; and “How much did you think that your counterpart needed your help?” These items were averaged into a single index (Cronbach’s .79). A confirmatory factor analysis showed that these items loaded on one factor (it yielded only one factor with an eigenvalue greater than 1, i.e., 2.10, which explained 70.17% of the total variance; also, all items loaded positively on that factor with all factor loadings, s .76).