The isolation of Madagascar has lasted for almost 90
million years, so vertebrate recolonization after the Cretaceous–
Tertiary extinctions (65 Mya) was entirely transoceanic [6]. The
isolation of Africa during the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary (90–
24 Mya) produced a spectacular mammalian radiation in an
endemic clade, the Afrotheria, represented today by the elephants,
hyraxes, elephant-shrews, aardvark and golden moles [46].
The isolation of Madagascar has lasted for almost 90million years, so vertebrate recolonization after the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinctions (65 Mya) was entirely transoceanic [6]. Theisolation of Africa during the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary (90–24 Mya) produced a spectacular mammalian radiation in anendemic clade, the Afrotheria, represented today by the elephants,hyraxes, elephant-shrews, aardvark and golden moles [46].
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