Teratogenicity
There are two distinct teratogenicity patterns, aplasia cutis and choanal/esophageal atresia, reported with MMI use during pregnancy, but the data are controversial. Although multiple case reports of animal studies have been published associating aplasia cutis with MMI therapy in pregnant mothers (34), no case of aplasia cutis was seen in a series of 243 pregnant women treated with MMI (35), and the occurrence of aplasia cutis with MMI did not exceed baseline rate of one in 30 000 births in normal pregnancies (36). Choanal and esophageal atresia may have a higher incidence than that expected in fetuses exposed to MMI during the first trimester of gestation, OR may be as high as 18 (37, 38, 39). However, the mother's disease might be the causal factor rather than MMI treatment (40). A prospective cohort study did not show any significant difference in incidence of major anomalies or spontaneous abortions between MMI treatment and controls during pregnancy
Teratogenicity
There are two distinct teratogenicity patterns, aplasia cutis and choanal/esophageal atresia, reported with MMI use during pregnancy, but the data are controversial. Although multiple case reports of animal studies have been published associating aplasia cutis with MMI therapy in pregnant mothers (34), no case of aplasia cutis was seen in a series of 243 pregnant women treated with MMI (35), and the occurrence of aplasia cutis with MMI did not exceed baseline rate of one in 30 000 births in normal pregnancies (36). Choanal and esophageal atresia may have a higher incidence than that expected in fetuses exposed to MMI during the first trimester of gestation, OR may be as high as 18 (37, 38, 39). However, the mother's disease might be the causal factor rather than MMI treatment (40). A prospective cohort study did not show any significant difference in incidence of major anomalies or spontaneous abortions between MMI treatment and controls during pregnancy
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