Option
Risk management and financial instruments
Due to the nature of its operations, the Company is exposed to market risks, especially with respect to variations in exchange rates and credit risks. The Company’s treasury policy establishes that these risks are managed by the Risk Management Department, through identifying the exposures and the correlations between the different risk factors, through the VAR (Value at Risk) calculation methodology and simulations of scenarios (stress tests), monitored by the Financial and Investments Committee, from the Executive Finance Committee, comprising officers of the Company, which includes in its responsibilities defining the management of these risks within the parameters of exposure limits and areas of decision-making authority proposed by the Finances Committee and Investor Relations (IR) of the Board of Directors, approved by the Board, itself. At September 30, 2008, due to the high volatility of the financial assets and to the miss-matching of the financial policy, the Value at Risk (VAR) of the operating assets and liabilities and financial instruments exposed to the variations of the foreign exchange and interest rates, for one year, with 95% reliability, was R$2,783,889 (Information not reviewed by the auditors).
The objective of the treasury policy is to determine parameters for use of derivative instruments in the hedging of operating and financial assets and liabilities exposed to variations in foreign exchange and interest rates and prices of commodities, as well as to establish credit limits with financial institutions. The responsibility for compliance with this policy is the job of the Executive Finances Committee.
a. Exchange rate risk
The Company is exposed to market risks arising from the volatility of exchange and interest rates. The exchange and interest rate risks on loans, financings and other liabilities denominated in foreign currency are managed jointly with the financial investments also denominated in foreign currency, and by derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swaps (Libor for pre rate or vice versa) and future market contracts (Non Deliverable Forwards – NDFs and Options), as well as accounts receivable in foreign currencies arising from exports, which also reduce the foreign exchange exposure as a natural hedge.
The treasury policy for exchange determines that the limit of exchange exposure must respect the lower of the following amounts: (i) 20% of the Company’s net equity, or (ii) for the three months following the base date, the limit of up to 10 days of exports or for the 12 months following the base date, 50% of the net cash generation. The control and management of the exposures are conducted dynamically and are updated by market quotations in real-time, through quotation systems and the adjustments are made whenever necessary. In the operations that involve options, the control and management of the exposure take into consideration the likelihood of exercise.
Within its exchange hedge strategy the Company uses exchange futures contracts (non deliverable forwards, target forwards and options, mainly in US dollars), as a way of mitigating the impacts of exchange rate variations on recognized assets and liabilities and expected transactions, under financial results and gross margin.
The notional amounts of these contracts are not recorded in the quarterly information. The technical definition of these contracts is summarized as follows:
Call and put options (European) โทรและใส่ตัวเลือก (ยุโรป)
They are across the counter or stock exchange operations where the purchaser of the call option or put option pays an initial premium upon maturity, if the difference between the contracted dollar (exercise price) and if the Ptax is positive (in the event of a call option) or negative (in the event of a put option), it will exercise its right. Not exercising the options will result in the loss of the initial premium paid on the part of the purchaser. It is the seller of the option that receives an initial premium and assumes the risk of a limited gain and an unlimited loss.
The exchange futures contracts have monthly maturities of up to 12 months and establish a margin call or bank guarantee in case the position is unfavorable to the Company. At September 30, 2008, the amounts deposited as margin and bank guarantee were R$701,150 and R$269,007, respectively.
Credit default swap (CDS)
“Brazil Credit default swap - CDS 5Y”
Structured operations on a notional base, where the Company receives on a six-month basis interest (CDS + spread), when the Brazil credit default swap - CDS 5Y is within 20 and 350 basis point, paying periodic interest. If the Brazil risk is outside this range there is no receipt of interest.
OptionRisk management and financial instruments Due to the nature of its operations, the Company is exposed to market risks, especially with respect to variations in exchange rates and credit risks. The Company’s treasury policy establishes that these risks are managed by the Risk Management Department, through identifying the exposures and the correlations between the different risk factors, through the VAR (Value at Risk) calculation methodology and simulations of scenarios (stress tests), monitored by the Financial and Investments Committee, from the Executive Finance Committee, comprising officers of the Company, which includes in its responsibilities defining the management of these risks within the parameters of exposure limits and areas of decision-making authority proposed by the Finances Committee and Investor Relations (IR) of the Board of Directors, approved by the Board, itself. At September 30, 2008, due to the high volatility of the financial assets and to the miss-matching of the financial policy, the Value at Risk (VAR) of the operating assets and liabilities and financial instruments exposed to the variations of the foreign exchange and interest rates, for one year, with 95% reliability, was R$2,783,889 (Information not reviewed by the auditors). The objective of the treasury policy is to determine parameters for use of derivative instruments in the hedging of operating and financial assets and liabilities exposed to variations in foreign exchange and interest rates and prices of commodities, as well as to establish credit limits with financial institutions. The responsibility for compliance with this policy is the job of the Executive Finances Committee. a. Exchange rate risk The Company is exposed to market risks arising from the volatility of exchange and interest rates. The exchange and interest rate risks on loans, financings and other liabilities denominated in foreign currency are managed jointly with the financial investments also denominated in foreign currency, and by derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swaps (Libor for pre rate or vice versa) and future market contracts (Non Deliverable Forwards – NDFs and Options), as well as accounts receivable in foreign currencies arising from exports, which also reduce the foreign exchange exposure as a natural hedge. The treasury policy for exchange determines that the limit of exchange exposure must respect the lower of the following amounts: (i) 20% of the Company’s net equity, or (ii) for the three months following the base date, the limit of up to 10 days of exports or for the 12 months following the base date, 50% of the net cash generation. The control and management of the exposures are conducted dynamically and are updated by market quotations in real-time, through quotation systems and the adjustments are made whenever necessary. In the operations that involve options, the control and management of the exposure take into consideration the likelihood of exercise. Within its exchange hedge strategy the Company uses exchange futures contracts (non deliverable forwards, target forwards and options, mainly in US dollars), as a way of mitigating the impacts of exchange rate variations on recognized assets and liabilities and expected transactions, under financial results and gross margin. The notional amounts of these contracts are not recorded in the quarterly information. The technical definition of these contracts is summarized as follows: Call and put options (European) โทรและใส่ตัวเลือก (ยุโรป)They are across the counter or stock exchange operations where the purchaser of the call option or put option pays an initial premium upon maturity, if the difference between the contracted dollar (exercise price) and if the Ptax is positive (in the event of a call option) or negative (in the event of a put option), it will exercise its right. Not exercising the options will result in the loss of the initial premium paid on the part of the purchaser. It is the seller of the option that receives an initial premium and assumes the risk of a limited gain and an unlimited loss. The exchange futures contracts have monthly maturities of up to 12 months and establish a margin call or bank guarantee in case the position is unfavorable to the Company. At September 30, 2008, the amounts deposited as margin and bank guarantee were R$701,150 and R$269,007, respectively. Credit default swap (CDS)“Brazil Credit default swap - CDS 5Y” Structured operations on a notional base, where the Company receives on a six-month basis interest (CDS + spread), when the Brazil credit default swap - CDS 5Y is within 20 and 350 basis point, paying periodic interest. If the Brazil risk is outside this range there is no receipt of interest.
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