Abstract: Multi-objective optimization (MOO) is an effective and efficient method which can identify the trade-offs between different river system management options. However, a number of barriers remain between using optimization in research, and implementing it in practice. To address such limitations, this study developed a simplified conceptual model consisting of hydrologic, ecological and optimization
components to explore the trade-offs between ecological and human water needs. A hypothetical catchment was used as case study, which drew on data from the Lachlan catchment in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia. The Lachlan River is highly regulated, and supports a range of conflicting water users including agriculture, urban areas and wetlands of high conservation significance.