gives the CO2 emissions in the LCS scenario group and it can be seen that there is a very clear reduction in CO2 emissions in the LCS scenarios, when compared to the BAU and CM scenarios. In the latter modeled years the CO2 emissions of the LCS scenarios almost halves to that of the BAU scenario. Another significant aspect is the increase in the emissions of CO2 in the CM scenario which is due to the rampant use of coal in the fuel mix as shown in Fig. 5. So this also implies, while cost considerations are practical when planning an energy system, cost criteria alone would not justify the mitigation of emission. LCS_High scenario shows the highest mitigation, which is to be expected as the penetration shares of CMs are highest in this scenario. Another significant aspect to be noted is that the CO2 emissions show a peak in the 2030s and then reduces thereafter (see Fig. 7), showing that CO2 emissions and industrial sector growth may be decoupled with proper technological advances and policy implementation.