Over the last 20-30 years aquaculture has become a major source of food and livelihood. Globally as
production from capture fisheries remains constant or declines, aquaculture production continues to show
strong growth. As aquaculture production expands there are emerging threats from land-based activities,
primarily agriculture but also from expanding populations in the coastal zone. This report summarizes and
assesses the environmental externalities of nutrient enrichment, eutrophication, and hypoxia associated
with the expanding agriculture on the aquaculture sector.