Ecotourism within protected areas is paradigmatically considered a neoliberal conservation strategy
along with other market-based interventions that devolve authority to non-state actors, rely on market
corrections to socio-environmental problems, and effectively try to ‘‘do more with less’’ (Dressler and
Roth, 2011) or ‘‘sell nature to save it’’ (McAfee, 1999). However, the neoliberalisation of conservation
is a path-based process that is shaped by local histories and on-the-ground engagements with different
market forms, and a growing body of scholarship has demonstrated that there are significant gaps
between ‘‘vision’’ and ‘‘execution’’ in neoliberal conservation. Through a case study of ecotourism in
Ban Mae Klang Luang in Northern Thailand, this research approaches the question of why such programs
often fail to reconcile environmental and economic concerns through an exploration of the internal contradictions
in the governmentalizing processes embedded within market-led conservation projects. Specifically,
I argue that the contradiction in encouraging both disciplinary environmentality and neoliberal
environmentality ironically forces conservation and development interests into opposition. Furthermore,
ecotourism’s deployment of neoliberal environmentality contributes to the exaggeration of inequality
and individualism in the village, creating tensions among community members. Despite the win–win
expectations of neoliberal philosophy in conservation policies, the contradictory logics involved call
the long-term viability of such strategies into question.
Ecotourism within protected areas is paradigmatically considered a neoliberal conservation strategyalong with other market-based interventions that devolve authority to non-state actors, rely on marketcorrections to socio-environmental problems, and effectively try to ‘‘do more with less’’ (Dressler andRoth, 2011) or ‘‘sell nature to save it’’ (McAfee, 1999). However, the neoliberalisation of conservationis a path-based process that is shaped by local histories and on-the-ground engagements with differentmarket forms, and a growing body of scholarship has demonstrated that there are significant gapsbetween ‘‘vision’’ and ‘‘execution’’ in neoliberal conservation. Through a case study of ecotourism inBan Mae Klang Luang in Northern Thailand, this research approaches the question of why such programsoften fail to reconcile environmental and economic concerns through an exploration of the internal contradictionsin the governmentalizing processes embedded within market-led conservation projects. Specifically,I argue that the contradiction in encouraging both disciplinary environmentality and neoliberalenvironmentality ironically forces conservation and development interests into opposition. Furthermore,ecotourism’s deployment of neoliberal environmentality contributes to the exaggeration of inequalityand individualism in the village, creating tensions among community members. Despite the win–winexpectations of neoliberal philosophy in conservation policies, the contradictory logics involved callthe long-term viability of such strategies into question.
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