Clinical pathways Rib fracture clinical pathways were first documented by Sesperez et al
in 2001 [43], and aim to streamline patient care and provide guidelines for the different interventions required in rib fracture treatment
The four clinical pathways that have been evaluated in the literature, show an improvement in patient and hospital outcomes post protocol introduction, by reducing patient complications and hospital costs
These pathways have been shown to be applicable in patients with ≥1 fractured rib [43] and improve outcomes in patients ≥ 65 with one or more rib fractures
A multidisciplinary pathway improved outcomes for patients and decreased ICU and Hospital LOS, pneumonia and mortality
This pathway applied to patients greater than 45 with four or more rib fractures and involved the pain service for analgesia review, respiratory team for medical care, physiotherapy for deep breathing exercises, nutritionist to monitor the nutritional status of patients Unsworth et al
. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine (2015) 23:17 Page 4 of 9and nurse practitioner to ensure continuity of care
Patients on this pathway were given significantly more aggressive pain management, including prescription of PCA and epidural catheters, which could account for the improvement in outcomes
Two other clinical protocols demonstrated a decrease in hospital LOS [46] and emergency department re-attendance in the post-implementation period of this protocol
Adrales et al. [48] examined a practice guideline for thoracostomy tubes, showing that post-implementation of the practice guideline, there were less chest radiographs and fewer days of thoracostomy tubes
However, contrary to the guidelines, 26% of patients received more than the recommended 24 hours of antibiotic therapy and 45% had chest radiographs before thoracostomy tube removal
Clinical pathways Rib fracture clinical pathways were first documented by Sesperez et alin 2001 [43], and aim to streamline patient care and provide guidelines for the different interventions required in rib fracture treatmentThe four clinical pathways that have been evaluated in the literature, show an improvement in patient and hospital outcomes post protocol introduction, by reducing patient complications and hospital costsThese pathways have been shown to be applicable in patients with ≥1 fractured rib [43] and improve outcomes in patients ≥ 65 with one or more rib fracturesA multidisciplinary pathway improved outcomes for patients and decreased ICU and Hospital LOS, pneumonia and mortalityThis pathway applied to patients greater than 45 with four or more rib fractures and involved the pain service for analgesia review, respiratory team for medical care, physiotherapy for deep breathing exercises, nutritionist to monitor the nutritional status of patients Unsworth et al. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine (2015) 23:17 Page 4 of 9and nurse practitioner to ensure continuity of carePatients on this pathway were given significantly more aggressive pain management, including prescription of PCA and epidural catheters, which could account for the improvement in outcomesTwo other clinical protocols demonstrated a decrease in hospital LOS [46] and emergency department re-attendance in the post-implementation period of this protocolAdrales et al. [48] examined a practice guideline for thoracostomy tubes, showing that post-implementation of the practice guideline, there were less chest radiographs and fewer days of thoracostomy tubesHowever, contrary to the guidelines, 26% of patients received more than the recommended 24 hours of antibiotic therapy and 45% had chest radiographs before thoracostomy tube removal
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