Cattle rearing in developing Asia traditionally used to be an important component of the total farming system. The principal use of cattle used to be as farm power for plowing land, pulling cart, and threshing the crops. Rural transportation heavily relied on the cattle. Milk and meat were considered as by-products. However, cattle have been and are still considered living cash by farmers. Because of the large-scale adaptation of machines in agronomy, good road network, and availability of automobiles, the use of cattle as draft power is decreasing sharply. Consequently, the use of cattle has become more specialized toward dairy, beef, or both. The specialized dairy and beef cattle industry relies heavily on good-quality forage and concentrate feeding. The use of land for the production of forage and grain for cattle feeding is limited in Asian countries because of the intensive use of land for cultivating crops for human consumption. The present article focuses on these issues with respect to the situation prevailing in developing Asia.