Appelo (2001), among others, have studied this type of situation using laboratory simulations, based on the principles of ion chromatography and/or geochemical modeling. Appelo and Willemsen (1987) simulated the intrusion process using a geochemical model based on
experimental chromatographic studies, using dilute sea water. Boluda (1994) also simulated this phenomena with nondiluted sea water and verified the increase in concentration of Cl−, SO2−
4 , Na+ , K+, and Mg2+ to reach the concentration in sea water, as well as different behaviors of Ca2+, whose concentration initially experienced a spectacular, sharp increase resulting from
the NaCa ion exchange. This feature was also linked to the precipitation of gypsum