Procedures
Translation of the scale items into Turkish
Before beginning the research, permission was received from the tool’s author (Melzack) to use it. The first of the validityreliability studies of the SF-MPQ was the language validity studies. The tool was translated from English to Turkish by four nursing instructors and one English specialist. The five translated versions were compared by the authors, and the researchers developed a common Turkish text from these five Turkish translations. Then, the initial translation into Turkish was back translated into English by English language specialists who know English well and had not see the original English text. The tool’s English statements that had been translated from Turkish into English were compared with the original statements and necessary revisions were made.