Engaged
investment reached a first peak in the United
States with the 1980s battle over corporate
control. The movement has since spread to
Europe where individual pension funds such
as Hermes in the United Kingdom and shareholder
rights organisations such as the Institutional
Shareholders Committee in the United
Kingdom, ADAM in France or Association
of Critical Shareholders (Dachverband der
Kritischen Aktionärinnen und Aktionäre) in
Germany have played, amongst others, a
major role in its expansion.