3. Methods
3.1 The CAE Tools
The available CAE tools for analyzing
muffler performance includes 1D and 3D linear
acoustic codes with and without mean flow,
where the 3D may be either BEM or FEM based
methods. Comsol Multiphysics offers a 3D
linear acoustic code where the most important
effect of flow is included by altering the
boundary conditions, while the mean flow is not
included.