A second major need theory of motivation focuses on personality and learned needs. Hence Murray developed a long list of motives and manifest needs in his early studies of personality. David McClellan was inspired by Murray's early work. McClellan identified three learned or acquired needs, called manifest needs. These manifest needs were the needs for achievement, for power, and for affiliation. Some individuals have a high need for achievement, whereas others have a moderate or low need for achievement. The same is true for the other two needs. Hence, it is important to emphasize that different needs are dominant in different people. For example, a manager may have a strong need for power, a moderate need for achievement, and a weak need for affiliation. Each need has quite different implications for people's behavior. The Murray thematic Apperception test was used as an early measure of the achievement motive and was further developed by McClellan and his associates. The TAT is a projective test, and projective tests were discussed in chapter 3.