Martial Arts
The martial arts consist of a series of hand-to-hand unarmed combat tactics. The most popular are karate, judo, jujitsu, and kung fu. Many experts believe kung fu does not belong in the category of unarmed self-defense because it can become a killer art in its most violent form.
Chinese jujitsu and its offshoot, judo, are thousands of years old. They began in China and Japan. During the Middle Ages in Japan, common people were not allowed to carry weapons. They devised a self-defense technique that involved a series of holds, trips, strangles, and falls. By the 1700's, judo and jujitsu were no longer required for self-defense, but these sports survived stressing grace, physical discipline, and spiritual concentration.