In this introductory overview, I explore the observation that breast milk is the gold standard for protective nutrients
fed to newborn infants and present clinical evidence of its strong protective effect against age-related infectious
gastroenteritis. The composition of breast milk changes according to the newborn infant’s needs for passive protection.
In addition, substances in breast milk can actively stimulate development of the newborn’s host defenses to
provide continued mucosal protection after breastfeeding is terminated. Later I present several specific examples
of the development of intestinal host defenses due to breastfeeding. An important function of early breastfeeding is
its anti-inflammatory effect on the immature, excessive inflammatory response in newborns. Several components
of breast milk can reduce the inflammatory response to stimuli in the newborn intestine. These include transforming
growth factor (TGF)-b, interleukin (IL)-10, erythropoietin, and lactoferrin. These components of breast milk can act
individually or in concert to contain the neonatal immature anti-inflammatory response
In this introductory overview, I explore the observation that breast milk is the gold standard for protective nutrientsfed to newborn infants and present clinical evidence of its strong protective effect against age-related infectiousgastroenteritis. The composition of breast milk changes according to the newborn infant’s needs for passive protection.In addition, substances in breast milk can actively stimulate development of the newborn’s host defenses toprovide continued mucosal protection after breastfeeding is terminated. Later I present several specific examplesof the development of intestinal host defenses due to breastfeeding. An important function of early breastfeeding isits anti-inflammatory effect on the immature, excessive inflammatory response in newborns. Several componentsof breast milk can reduce the inflammatory response to stimuli in the newborn intestine. These include transforminggrowth factor (TGF)-b, interleukin (IL)-10, erythropoietin, and lactoferrin. These components of breast milk can actindividually or in concert to contain the neonatal immature anti-inflammatory response
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