Structural change refers to the fact that their accumulating stocks of capital, work
forces, and technologies became discernibly less and less engaged with producing food and
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agrarian raw materials, or with servicing agriculture, and more involved with industry,
especially manufacturing, and with the trade, transport, finance, and construction related to
industry. Structural change which appears in the composition of European nation outputs, in
the allocation of labour across sectors of economies, and in relation to the modernity of the
machine, tools, and forms of organization utilized to produce goods and services were
invariably accompanied by population growth and urbanization, the spread of literacy, the
integration of markets, closer involvement in international commerce, the diffusion of
advanced technology, institutional and political reforms, and several other familiar features
of modern economic growth (O’ Brien, 1994).