ECM mineralization of PDLSC spheres. PDLSCs were cultured as 3D spheres in
standard culture medium and in OM for 21 days, as described in the Materials and
Methods. Panel A shows representative alizarin red S staining of spheres cultured in
standard culture media (control) and in OM. Similar results were observed in three
separate experiments. In Panel B, quantification of stained alizarin red S extracted (per 1
mg of protein) from control non-induced spheres and from OM-induced spheres is
summarized. The data are expressed as the mean percent ± SD of extracted alizarin red
S compared with that of the control sample, defined as 100%. Results are from one
representative experiment of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05 vs control. In
Panel C, paraffin sections were prepared from control non-induced and OM-induced
spheres and the sections were stained using H&E and alizarin red S, as described in the
Materials and Methods. Representative H&E and alizarin red S staining sections are
shown here. Arrows indicate alizarin red S-positive deposits.
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Metabolic activity