who were happy to from the Stalinist embrace until checked by Nazi atrocities It ran from the arrogance of assuming that the Enigma codes could never be broken to the ideological prejudice against employing German women in munitions factories, whereas all Germany's foes willingly exploited that largely untapped labor pool. It was compounded by rivalries within the higher echelons of the army itself, which made it ineffective in resisting Hitler's manic urge for overambitious offensives like Stalingrad and Kursk. Above what scholars refer to as the "polycratic chaos" of rivaling ministries and subernpires (the army, the Gauleiter, the ics ministry), which prevented any coherent assessment and allocation of resources, let alone the hammering out of what elsewhere would be termed a "grand strategy" This was not a serious way to run a war.