We defined movement as ambulating throughout the room and/or jumping on the owner or experimenter. Standing still or sitting was not considered movement. The time spent moving before finding the treat was converted to a percentage of the total time it took the dog to find the treat. For instance, in a dog that took 27 seconds to find the treat and was moving for 20 seconds of that time, the percentage calculated was 0.74 as 20 is 74% of 27. Between-group comparisons were analyzed using independent samples t-tests. Because of the aforementioned technical difficulties in video retrieval, data from 35 dogs (18 experimental and 17 controls) were analyzed. For these 35 dogs, the frequency of the dog’s presence in each area during the testing phase was also analyzed using the same method described for the exposure phase. In this case, analysis ended when the dog obtained the treat; dogs that did not obtain the treat were analyzed for the full 180 seconds.