Normalized sEMG activity (%MVIC) grouped by muscle is shown in Fig. 2B. RA activation was significantly different among the four workouts (F3,51= 38.7, p < 0.001). RA activation during the HAP [39.1(13.8%)] and CP [37.3 (21.9)%] was higher than that during the HC[10.0 (7.5)%] and ROW [7.9 (5.4)%], but there was no difference between the HAP and CP or between the HC and ROW.