1 Introduction and literature review
The pace at which technology and sales of cell phones have been developing since their market launch 25 years ago has been extraordinary. When Motorola’s DynaTAC received approval by the US Federal Communications Commission in 1983, it weighed 800 g, was 33 cm high, and cost
$4,000. Merely 20 years later, 1.2 billion handsets had been sold worldwide. Global sales in 2003 alone were over 470
R. Geyer (*) : V. Doctori Blass
Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California,
Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA e-mail: geyer@bren.ucsb.edu