Poverty is the agents and victims of environmental degradation. Indoor air pollution problems may result in adverse health hazard increased medical costs and loss of production. In poor communities with the continuing trend in bio fuel combustion coupled with deteriorating housing condition. These bio fuels are typically burnt in simple stoves with very incomplete combustion. Consequently, women and young children are exposed to high levels of Indoor air pollutions everyday. There is consistent evidence that Indoor air pollution increase the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and of acute respiratory infections in child hood, the most important cause of death among children fewer than 5 years of age in developing countries like India. The study describes Indoor air pollution in slums (Bangalore Agglomeration, Karnataka, India). The primary survey was conducted through the questionnaire and random sampling techniques. The study reveals that indoor air pollution is particularly hazardous for women and children and low-income who is regularly exposed to higher concentration. The rehabilitation program of the Karnataka Slum Clearance Board in totally inadequate in relation to the mushroom growth of slums. Hence a comprehensive package incorporating measures to improve urban environment and health status should be launched on a massive scale.