Arousal level refers to an index that indicates the level of emotion. Emotion affects human perception, cognition, and attention
In the current study, we measured the width of the UFOV as the index of the degree of attention gathering. We examined the effects of both the arousal level and emotional valence of images on the width of the UFOV. Nobata and Ochi (2005) reported that arousal levels can alter memory task performance. They reported that high arousal negative images were more correctly memorized than low arousal negative images, and also that high arousal positive images were memorized less accurately than low arousal positive images. Therefore, it seems that arousal level and emotional valence interact with each other. We examined the effects of emotional valence (positive or negative) and arousal level (high or low) on UFOV width. We measured UFOV width by presenting participants with a 2 × 2 grid of the four possible image types. Here, UFOV is defined as the region of the visual field from which an observer can extract information at any