study (0.18 g glucose/g substrate) since the starch content in the
food waste is higher than bakery waste. On the other hand, the food
waste used in this study consisted of around 406 mg starch/g food
waste. The theoretical glucose yield of 451.1 mg glucose/g food
waste could be calculated based on the molar basis of starch hydrolysis.
As shown in Table 2, around 0.369–0.389 mg/g food waste
could be produced with the food waste mass ratio of 4–10%. The conversion
ratio from starch to glucose reached 82.8–87.2% which were
much higher than that study reported (around 62%). This is probably
because the particle size of the substrate (after pretreated) was
much smaller than the substrate used in that study. It is an important
finding in terms of industrial fermentation engineering.
In order to develop a model that can predict the enzymatic
hydrolysis reaction with different initial food waste mass ratios,
the reaction order of the starch and protein hydrolysis by glucoamylase
and protease were determined by the first-order (Eq