Surgically treated hydrocephalus in patients with little or no evidence of irreversible brain damage has a survival rate of about 90%, with most deaths occurring within the first year of treatment. Those with poor outcomes included children shunted for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus or meningitis, with 40% and 30%, respectively, showing mental disability (Kestle, 2003). Of the surviving children, approximately two thirds are intellectually normal. The presence of additional medical problems in infancy, including ocular defects, is the most significant variable associated with a high likelihood of mental retardation. Most children who require shunting must depend on the shunt for the remainder of their life. In one study 80% of those shunted as children who had the shunt removed or discontinued had stable ventricles yet increased ICP (Kestle, 2003).