The results show self-reported expulsion rate of roughly
3.8% among clients, with more than three-quarters of
women reporting no complaints with their PPIUCD. Only
5.4% of women suffered from symptoms suggestive of infection
after the insertion. Symptoms that were considered
suggestive of infection included lower abdominal pain,
fever, foul smelling/abnormal vaginal discharge, painful
intercourse, and bleeding after intercourse. Other selfreported
side normal effects of PPIUCD insertion included
cramps and abdominal pain which 8.9% of women reported
experiencing, along with 5.5% reporting minor menstrual
problems. There were no cases of uterine perforation.