CONCLUSIONS
This article addresses energy efficiency of mobile cellular networks, which is a concern of industry, operators, as well as of regulatory bodies and the society. It stresses that for fundamental improvements of the energy efficiency of wireless broadband access, joint optimizations yielding an optimum at system level need to be aimed at rather than optimizing single aspects or components. Initially, it presents a framework for energy efficiency evaluation, identifying the levels that need to be addressed, i.e., component, link and network. Metrics need to be taken for such assessment, capturing, e.g., the backhaul power consumption, and system parameters, e.g., quality of service. It is important to perform an assessment of the power consumption distribution of the different radio components and subsystems in typical communication scenarios. A key fraction of this consumption is observed in the power amplification stage. Digital platforms should actively support advanced power management, together with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling adapted to the workload. Energy-scalable reconfigurable transmitters and their control strategy are also key building blocks in this approach. Radio interfaces and transmission techniques play also an important role. Aspects like spectral efficiency and information overhead need to be considered; however, more efficient techniques usually require a much more complex computation, which leads to an increase of the associated processing power, therefore, reinforcing the need for the global overview of the problem. Discontinuous transmission by base stations, where hardware components, like power amplifiers, can be switched off, can be seen as one of the directions to follow. At the network level, the potential for reducing energy consumption lies in the layout of networks and their management. Network management needs to take slowly changing daily load patterns into account, as well as highly dynamic traffic fluctuations. Moreover, research has to analyze new architectures with more disruptive approaches, including multi-hop transmission, ad-hoc meshed networks, terminal-to-terminal communications and cooperative multipoint architectures. The use of cellular heterogeneous structures, and cooperative transmission from several base stations to one mobile device, are further enablers. In conclusion, research on energy efficiency aspects of mobile cellular radio network has a quite extensive list of topics to be addressed, requiring an embracing analysis. The EARTH project is pursuing this vision, targeting to subdue major energy savings by exploring the approaches discussed within this article.
CONCLUSIONS
This article addresses energy efficiency of mobile cellular networks, which is a concern of industry, operators, as well as of regulatory bodies and the society. It stresses that for fundamental improvements of the energy efficiency of wireless broadband access, joint optimizations yielding an optimum at system level need to be aimed at rather than optimizing single aspects or components. Initially, it presents a framework for energy efficiency evaluation, identifying the levels that need to be addressed, i.e., component, link and network. Metrics need to be taken for such assessment, capturing, e.g., the backhaul power consumption, and system parameters, e.g., quality of service. It is important to perform an assessment of the power consumption distribution of the different radio components and subsystems in typical communication scenarios. A key fraction of this consumption is observed in the power amplification stage. Digital platforms should actively support advanced power management, together with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling adapted to the workload. Energy-scalable reconfigurable transmitters and their control strategy are also key building blocks in this approach. Radio interfaces and transmission techniques play also an important role. Aspects like spectral efficiency and information overhead need to be considered; however, more efficient techniques usually require a much more complex computation, which leads to an increase of the associated processing power, therefore, reinforcing the need for the global overview of the problem. Discontinuous transmission by base stations, where hardware components, like power amplifiers, can be switched off, can be seen as one of the directions to follow. At the network level, the potential for reducing energy consumption lies in the layout of networks and their management. Network management needs to take slowly changing daily load patterns into account, as well as highly dynamic traffic fluctuations. Moreover, research has to analyze new architectures with more disruptive approaches, including multi-hop transmission, ad-hoc meshed networks, terminal-to-terminal communications and cooperative multipoint architectures. The use of cellular heterogeneous structures, and cooperative transmission from several base stations to one mobile device, are further enablers. In conclusion, research on energy efficiency aspects of mobile cellular radio network has a quite extensive list of topics to be addressed, requiring an embracing analysis. The EARTH project is pursuing this vision, targeting to subdue major energy savings by exploring the approaches discussed within this article.
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