The results in figure 1 are a comparison of the average of student test scores for each class. The pretest was administered before instruction began. Each class began with an average pre-test score of 85%. Also there is a comparison of the averages of semester one grades, where the control group was at a slightly higher average (81%) then the history class (79%). Finally, there is a comparison of the average class grades at the end of the study, when the history class has an average that is one percentage point higher than the control group.