Conclusions
Certain plant essential oils and/or their constituents
have a broad spectrum of activity against insect and mite
pests, plant pathogenic and other fungi, and nematodes.
As such, they have considerable potential as crop protectants
and for pest management in other situations (e.g.
urban pest control). Current information indicates that
they are safe to the user and the environment, with few
quali"cations. As a cautionary note, the essential oils that
are most e$cacious against pests are often the most
phytotoxic; this latter property requires serious attention
when formulating products for agricultural and landscape
use. Also, selectivity among invertebrates is not
well documented. Honeybees appear somewhat susceptible
(Lindberg et al., 2000), and the susceptibility of
various natural enemies has yet to be reported, although
the lack of persistence of essential oils under "eld conditions
could provide some measure of temporal selectivity
favoring these non-target species.
ConclusionsCertain plant essential oils and/or their constituentshave a broad spectrum of activity against insect and mitepests, plant pathogenic and other fungi, and nematodes.As such, they have considerable potential as crop protectantsand for pest management in other situations (e.g.urban pest control). Current information indicates thatthey are safe to the user and the environment, with fewquali"cations. As a cautionary note, the essential oils thatare most e$cacious against pests are often the mostphytotoxic; this latter property requires serious attentionwhen formulating products for agricultural and landscapeuse. Also, selectivity among invertebrates is notwell documented. Honeybees appear somewhat susceptible(Lindberg et al., 2000), and the susceptibility ofvarious natural enemies has yet to be reported, althoughthe lack of persistence of essential oils under "eld conditionscould provide some measure of temporal selectivityfavoring these non-target species.
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