The exhibit also shows the response options; note the reverse scoring for the positive items. Item scores are added to form a total ranging from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating increasing depression. The raw score is then converted to an index by dividing the total by 0.8, producing a range from 25 to 100 (2, Table 5). Most guidelines for interpreting results suggest that index scores of less than 50 are within the normal range, scores of 50 to 59 indicate minimal or mild depression, 60 to 69 moderate-tomarked depression, and scores above 70 indicate severe depression (3; 5; 6, p335; 7, p176). A cutoff of 54/55 is commonly used to identify depression in people aged over 60 (E.M. Zung, personal communication, 1994).